11 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
— scotty dog sign ... vertebrae • CT ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
cases Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... tissue damage - CXR ... involvement - CT
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... → no signs of CXR
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Pathogenesis, clinical, and radiographic findings

Trauma, Fall on, outstretched arm, Overhead throwing => Abduction
-> Hill Sachs Defect ... Dislocation #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
overload -> - CHF ... Constipation - MSK ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Pleural effusion is not always visible as a meniscus in the costophrenic angle. 
A subpulmonic effusion
the only way to detect ... a patient with signs ... of CHF. ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... e.g. incidental CXR ... anterior/posterior MSK ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs ... #Symptoms
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... preferentially affects ... • Bilateral signs ... and/or symptoms ... inflammation: CSF
Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
 - Pulmonary Fibrosis -> Crackles, Abnormal CXR
 - Pulmonary Hypertension, Right Heart
Crackles, Abnormal CXR ... Renal Failure - Mask ... #Scleroderma #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
bone formation MSK ... Heart Failure (CHF ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications