292 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... Tubular Defects ... Fanconi Syndrome ... Localization #Nephron #Defects ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Marcus Gunn Phenomenon - Jaw Winking Syndrome

Jaw-winking syndrome is thought to be caused by abnormal innervation
- Jaw Winking Syndrome ... Jaw-winking syndrome ... thought to be caused ... clinical #video #neurology ... #physicalexam #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... syndrome: troponin ... #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Nephrotic syndrome ... Glucocorticoid deficit ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Mineralocorticoid deficit ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Encephalopathy Syndrome ... , visual field deficits ... inhibitors • Renal ... Encephalopathy #Syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes (ISCS)
 • Central - Small Lesion - Suspended sensory deficit, classic cape
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes ... Suspended sensory deficit ... extremities, LMN deficit ... Incomplete #spinalcord #syndromes ... #diagnosis #neurology
Incomplete Spinal Cord Syndromes
Anterior Cord Syndrome:
 • Bilateral loss of motor, pain and temperature sensation below
Incomplete Spinal Cord Syndromes ... Anterior Cord Syndrome ... Central Cord Syndrome ... Sensory and motor deficit ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
proteinuria, RBC casts ... for renal biopsy ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified ... Algorithm #Workup #urology
Adie's Pupil on Physical Exam

Adie's pupil is a neurological disorder characterized by a tonically dilated pupil
but shows a more definite ... It is caused by ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... ophthalmology #neurology ... #syndrome