91 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Low intake • Metabolic ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... potassium #low #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... with short bowel syndrome ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... Defects Fanconi Syndrome ... : Distal convoluted ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Primary #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
UNa > 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... Acute or chronic renal ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... acidosis/Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... villous adenomas • Renal ... <2 mmol/L) #Metabolic ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Diagnosis Renal ... and Gitelman syndrome ... hypomagnesemia Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Post renal ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology