39 results
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension
 • Primary aldosteronism - PRA, PAC
 • Renal artery stenosis - Renal
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension ... fT4 • Cushing syndrome ... PAC #Secondary #Hypertension ... resistant #Evaluation #workup ... #diagnosis
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
- Differential Diagnosis ... DM (visit 2), Diagnosis ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... • Nephritic syndrome ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
- Differential Diagnosis ... taken at home, work ... and bilateral renal ... excess (Cushing syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
- Workup and Differential ... Diagnosis Approach ... White-coat syndrome ... #Workup #causes ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Incomplete Spinal Cord Syndromes
Anterior Cord Syndrome:
 • Bilateral loss of motor, pain and temperature sensation below
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... spinal artery Central ... Cord Syndrome: ... extremities • Hyperextension ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Encephalopathy Syndrome ... (PRES) - Diagnosis ... Risk Factors: • Hypertensive ... Encephalopathy #Syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
Differential diagnosis ... hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... Trousseau's • Malignant hypertension ... • Scleroderma renal ... #hematology #hemolysis
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Rhabdomyolysis, Tumor lysis syndrome ... CKD Increased Renal ... #phosphate #nephrology