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Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
• Cushing’s syndrome ... crises Drug ... • Serotonin syndrome ... inhibitors Drug ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertensive Emergencies in Pregnancy
Drug - Dose range - Onset/oeak/duration - Side effects
 -
Pharmacologic Treatment ... in Pregnancy Drug ... , tachycardia, nausea ... , lupus-like syndrome ... Obstetrics #OBGyn #HTN #Pharmacology
Pharmacologic Treatments of Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
Central alpha-agonists
 - Methyldopa
 - Clonidine
Combined alpha- and beta-blocker
 -
Pharmacologic Treatments ... of Chronic Hypertension ... in Pregnancy Central ... Management #Treatment #Pharmacology ... #HTN #Table #Drugs
PDE5 inhibitors are usually the drugs of first choice for erectile dysfunction.

PDE5 inhibitors enhance an erection that is
are usually the drugs ... stimulation and mental ... potentially fatal hypotension ... #pharmacology #comparison ... #table #pharmacotherapy
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
(multi-drug resistance ... ) Renal Parenchymal ... • Nephritic syndrome ... Excess: • Conn's syndrome ... Licorice • Liddle's syndrome
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
and Secondary Causes ... Uncontrolled • Drug ... Secondary Causes ... excess (Cushing syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
ACEI Antihypertensive Dose Comparison. Consider divided (BID) regimen for better pre-dose (trough) BP control for the
Antihypertensive Dose Comparison ... potassium, and renal ... Dosing #Conversion #Pharmacology ... #Hypertension # ... #Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... #Secondary #Hypertension ... Screening #Workup #table
Beta Blockers - Pharmacology Comparison Table
Metoprolol:
 • Receptors: β1
 • Indications: Rate control of a-fib/a-flutter, Suppression
Beta Blockers - Pharmacology ... Comparison Table ... Acute coronary syndrome ... angina, Hypertension ... #Comparison #Table
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ... Hypoventilation • Drugs ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes