3241 results
Review of the Coagulation Cascade
Traditional Model:
 • Parallel extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
Contemporary Model:
 • 4 key
Initiation phase caused ... amplification phase (dependent ... models #hematology #pathophysiology
Hyponatremia Algorithm - ADH Dependent vs Independent
#Diagnosis #Nephro #Hyponatremia #ADHIndependent #Differential #Algorithm
Algorithm - ADH Dependent ... vs Independent
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
- Vasopressin-Dependent ... - Vasopressin-independent ... differential #algorithm #causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Algorithm ADH Independent ... ADH Dependent: ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome) - Simplified Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Exogenous (ACTH-independent)
Endogenous
 • ACTH-dependent:
    - ACTH-secreting
Exogenous (ACTH-independent ... Endogenous • ACTH-dependent ... the body • ACTH-independent
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... Parathyroid hormone–independent ... hormone–related protein dependent ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Causes of Adrenal ... Algorithm ACTH-Dependent ... Dysfunction ACTH-Independent ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Determine whether PTH-dependent ... other hormonal causes ... for non-hormonal causes
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
activity -> Dose-dependent ... Sedation, dose-dependent ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Causes and Pathophysiology of Hypertension

#Causes #Pathophysiology #Hypertension #Primary #Essential #Secondary #Differential

** GrepMed Recommended Text: Guyton and
Causes and Pathophysiology ... Hypertension #Causes ... #Pathophysiology