11 results
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
- Differential Diagnosis ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... Detachment, Central ... Cerebri, PRES, Metabolic ... #causes #ophthalmology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
- Differential Diagnosis ... salicylate toxicity causes ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... losses, Diuretic ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
- Differential Diagnosis ... : Causes of High ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... tubule diuretic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause ... #management #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology