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nephrology hypokalemia low hypomagnesemia hypomg metabolic pharmacology table abg acid acidbase acidosis alkalosis aniongap base bloodgas chloride classification drugs endocrinology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD ... Renal Loses - Medications ... thiazide diuretics ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... (treatment of diabetic ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... thiazide diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... • Diagnosis of ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Correction of diabetic ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... Drugs: - Loop diuretics ... #diagnosis #differential ... #medications #drugs
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • K sparing diuretics ... Medications 2. ... diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • K sparing diuretics ... Medications 2. ... diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Causes of Constipation in Adults Most common - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake - Poor bowel habits Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... autonomic neuropathy Medications ... - Opioids - Diuretics ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... chronic) Causes ... Diarrhea B. ... diuretics (amiloride ... #diagnosis #causes
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary - Over-production • Increased turnover of nucleotides Primary
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Drug-induced • High ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... endocrinology #causes
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