18 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Pathogenesis and clinical ... ischemia causes ... of VEGF causing fine ... ophthalmology #diagnosis
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Inpatient Medication Guide

Classes: Biguanide, Sulfonylurea, TZD, DPP-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2i,
Type 2 Inpatient Medication ... Guide Classes ... insulin dose for renal ... #pharmacology # ... comparison #table
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Differential Diagnosis ... Water Central Diabetes ... in kidneys) - Medications ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loses - Medications ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Aldosterone) - Diabetic ... insufficiency - Critical ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Aldosterone #Comparison ... #Table #Causes
Intern Pocket Cards - Inpatient Bowel Regimen Guide
Osmotic agents (draws water into bowel, thereby loosening stool
Polyethylene glycol - Nausea ... Guide #Inpatient #medications ... #constipation #pharmacology ... #table #agents ... #internship #comparison
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Correction of diabetic ... #diagnosis #differential ... #medications #drugs ... #pharmacology #
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Kidney stones caused ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... with previously stable ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #indications
Cold Urticaria
Prevalence - 0.05% in the population
Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life
Causes
decades of life Causes ... and clinical associations ... within one hour or longer ... #rheumatology #comparison ... #table