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differential causes algorithm hyperkalemia management gitelman high low treatment urine workup aki alkalosis chloride diuresis diuretics encephalopathy epilepticus excretion hypertension
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #low #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Metabolic acidosis ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... excess, Liddle's syndrome ... Diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #nephrology #low
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Common Patterns on Urinalysis - Prerenal - ATN - AIN -
Acute Kidney Injury ... UTI - Nephrotic Syndrome ... - Nephritic Syndrome ... #table #comparison ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... tachycardia • Seizures ... • Rhabdomyolysis ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... or compartment syndrome ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Aldosterone: Cushing syndrome ... excess, Liddle syndrome ... deficiency, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
iniury, Compartment syndrome ... , Heat stroke, Metabolic ... exertion/training, Seizures ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... Monitor potassium
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Unprovoked - Epilepsy: • Focal: Simple, Complex • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Hypomagnesemia, Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rhabdomyolysis = Destruction of skeletal muscle with leakage of contents into circulation.
Strenuous exercise, Seizures ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... Electrolytes: Hypokalemia ... #Causes #nephrology ... #table
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