12 results
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... females Differential Diagnosis ... dissociation • Other causes ... #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
inflammation causes ... Most Common Causes ... • Mounier-Kuhn syndrome ... parenchyma Diagnosis ... : • HRCT (high-resolution
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
- Differential Diagnosis ... : High altitude ... respiratory drive due to neurologic ... DIFFUSION DISORDER • Difficulty ... hepatopulmonary syndrome
Causes of Peripheral Weakness without Sensory Changes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Objective Weakness
 • Cardio-pulmonary disease
Causes of Peripheral ... Weakness • Cardio-pulmonary ... • Anemia • Chronic ... Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome ... Peripheral #Weakness #Neurology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
: Causes of High ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... hypoventilation) - Airway ... #Summary #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
hyperventilation syndrome—a ... because narrowed airways ... asthma, chronic ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary ... #PhysicalExam