55 results
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
Causes of Knee Effusions ... Osteoarthritis - Overuse syndrome ... Seronegative Reactive Syndrome ... fracture - Patellar dislocation ... #Effusions #causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... R - Cushing's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Monteggia Fracture 
Fracture of proximal ulnar shaft with radial head dislocation. Remember “MUGR” to recall where
with radial head dislocation ... the radial head dislocation ... ), compartment syndrome ... ligamentous injury (LCL ... DC with orthopedic
Patellar dislocation 
Patella dislocation refers to when the kneecap is completely displaced out of its normal
patella is primarily caused ... direct blow) to the knee ... while bending your knee ... PhysicalExam #Sports #Orthopedics ... #Knee #msk
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... Fracture • Hip dislocation ... Valgus position of knee ... Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms
Septic Arthritis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Notes:
- Septic Arthritis is typically monoarticular & the knee is involved
monoarticular & the knee ... involved in >50% of cases ... S.A. can also be caused ... pathogen across all ... SepticArthritis #pathophysiology
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Erb's Palsy is caused ... hand" ± Horner Syndrome ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Anterior Shoulder Dislocation ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... symptoms #msk #orthopedics ... #neurology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
• High Urine Cl ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Adie's Pupil on Physical Exam

Adie's pupil is a neurological disorder characterized by a tonically dilated pupil
i.e., light-near dissociation ... It is caused by ... infection which causes ... ophthalmology #neurology ... #syndrome