46 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Diuretics ... tubular acidosis (Types ... and 2, but not type ... Potassium #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Excessive GI losses ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... Renin, High Aldosterone ... Tumor Low Renin, High ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Shock Classification and Differential Diagnosis
SHOCK
 • MAP <65, SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 •
Shock Classification ... Distributive: • High ... Blood Loss, GI Losses ... Sophia_Hayes_MD #Shock #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Types
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... Diuretics (discontinued ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... • Normal or High ... Low PTH: - High ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Framework #Workup
Hyperglycemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diabetes Mellitus:
 • Impaired Glucose Tolerance
 • Type I Diabetes
 • Type
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tolerance • Type ... I Diabetes • Type ... Corticosteroids • Thiazide diuretics ... endocrinology #causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Exclude other AKI causes ... Classification: ... HRS-AKI (formerly Type ... HRS-Non-AKI (formerly Type ... Prognosis: • High