13 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... decompression • Diverticulum ... Urethritis • Urethral diverticulum ... catheterization • BPH ... Upper and Lower urinary
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
AKI) What to ask ... /Cr - Renal/bladder ... pre-renal) - Urinary ... Atheroemboli — 1% #AcuteKidneyInjury ... AKI #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH ... , urethral or bladder ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... Symptoms #Urology #Diagnosis
Increased Urinary Frequency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Non-increased urine volume (<2mL/min), Rule out polyuria
Extrinsic to Urinary Tract:
- Differential Diagnosis ... Small Volume Bladder ... • Diabetes • MS ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Tract • BPH ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
tubular necrosis (causes ... • Neurogenic bladder ... • Urinary tract ... prostatic hypertrophy (BPH ... Classification #diagnosis
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... of Water: • Primary ... volume): • UTI, BPH ... "overactive bladder
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... reflexes) • Urinary ... • As soon as bladder ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
production -> Bladder ... injury, Hematuria, Urinary ... stones #BPH ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... Signs #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
, and bowel or bladder ... monophasic Pathophysiology ... Autonomic: Bowel/Bladder ... bouts of HTN Diagnostic ... • Infectious causes