18 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria • Signs ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... decompression • Diverticulum ... Urethritis • Urethral diverticulum ... #urology #nephrology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
BPH, urethral or bladder ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea ... gain Incr NE: Nausea ... SerotoninNorepinephrine #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Psychiatry #Diagnosis #Signs
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
Dizziness - Nausea ... Serotonin #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Psychiatry #Diagnosis #Signs
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... • As soon as bladder ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Medications
Aging
 -> Increased Testosterone -> Testosterone metabolized into DHT by type
compression and bladder ... pressures -> Bladder ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Medications #Pharmacology ... #Urology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
level of injury, Bladder ... dysfunction, loss of bladder ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
• Symptoms and signs ... Loss of bowel/bladder ... bladder continence ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
, asthenia • Neurologic ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... paresthesia to paresis, Bladder ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs