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Causes of Arterial and Venous Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STRUCTURAL:
 - PFO: paradoxical emboli
 - Popliteal
intravascular coagulation (DIC ... APLS:PLT ↓ HEMATOLOGIC ... MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC ... Diagnosis #clots #hematology
Hypereosinophilia and Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

 • Secondary Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
 • Clinically Relevant HES Variants
 • When to
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome • Clinically ... suspect underlying hematologic ... Syndrome #HES #Hematology
Prothrombin Time (PT) and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

Prothrombin Time (PT) - Often Elevated in:
 • Vitamin
• Factor XI, IX ... elevated in: • DIC ... Thromboplastin #laboratory #hematology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
marrow disease - DIC ... Coagulation Defects: • DIC ... Purpura Fulminans (DIC ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology ... #rheumatology #
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
DIC, TTP, HUS) ... Smear #Analysis #hematology ... interpretation #clinical
Aplastic Anemia Summary

 • Definition
 • Pathophysiology
 • DDx: AA vs Hypocellular MDS
 • Expectation
 •
Pathophysiology • DDx ... diagnosis #oncology #hematololgy
Differential Diagnosis for a Prolonged PT and aPTT
If the PT and the aPTT are both prolonged,
effect (FII, FVII, FIX ... Fll, FV, FVII, FIX ... deficiency (↓FII, FVII, FIX ... intravascularcoagulation (DIC ... #differential #hematology
Summary of Coagulation Deficiencies
Inherited:
 • Hemophilia A - Deficiency of Factor VIII
 • Hemophilia B -
Deficiency of Factor IX ... Post-partum • Acute DIC ... comparison #diagnosis #hematology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
Intravascular Coagulation (DIC ... organ damage Clinical ... helmet cells DDX ... MAHA: TTP/HUS > DIC ... treatment #management #hematology
Causes of Abnormal PT and/or aPTT
Prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT)
1. Acquired deficiency of FVII
HMWK), FXII, FXI, FIX ... effect - FII, FVII, FIX ... Fll, FV, FVII, FIX ... decreased Fll, FVII, FIX ... #differential #hematology