11 results
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... • Glaucoma • Epilepsy ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... Kidney stones caused ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #nephrology #potassium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, K-sparing diuretics ... improve GFR - Diuresis ... hypertonic Amp IVP • Diuretics ... (IV loop diuretic ... - IV loop diuretic
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Diarrhea • RENAL ... LOSS: - Diuresis ... secretion • Acid-base ... components of acid-base ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Poorly controlled DM ... sparing diuretics ... deficiency • Renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... failure (uremia) K ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... #Base #Gas #VBG
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Poorly controlled DM ... sparing diuretics ... deficiency • Renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Acid-base ... Renal 1. ... Na• delivery: diuretics ... , osmotic diuresis