11 results
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Glaucoma • Epilepsy ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... Kidney stones caused ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #nephrology #potassium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine Na+K ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... can be high or ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, K-sparing diuretics ... improve GFR - Diuresis ... hypertonic Amp IVP • Diuretics ... (IV loop diuretic ... - IV loop diuretic
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Poorly controlled DM ... sparing diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Poorly controlled DM ... sparing diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... urinary losses: • High ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... , Pyroglutamic acid ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... failure (uremia) K ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid