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diagnosis differential acidosis algorithm hypokalemia potassium renaltubular rta syndrome treatment diuresis diuretics encephalopathy excretion gitelman hyperkalemic intercellularshift k low medications
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 4 - Failure to acidify urine in collecting duct
Hyperkalemic Distal ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Failure to acidify urine ... Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology #RenalTubular
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 1 Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Distal Renal Tubular ... diagnosis with direct urine ... Failure to acidify urine ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Proximal RTA, Distal ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... #causes #treatment ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
arterial volume (↓distal ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... lysis) ± Urine ... 20 suggests ↓ distal ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Reduced flow through distal ... nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... Creatinine • Chronic renal ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
of cells on the distal ... (renal potassium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
mental status • Visual ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #neurology
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