10 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... #nephrology
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... patients sensitive to high ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #medications #pharmacology ... #table #comparison
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... urinary losses: • High ... #nephrology #low
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... 130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... #pharmacology #
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
tourniquet / IVF line draw ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... only if no clear cause ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... #Pharmacology #
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
this post will focus ... we introduce a high ... K+ in the ECF causes ... Hyperkalemia, a ... diagnosis #treatment #pharmacology