13 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... K intake (anorexia ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... • High Urine Cl ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... • Normal/low ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Inappropriate renal K+ ... Fractional excretion of Cl ... dominant kidney disease ... #Workup #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... - Differential Diagnosis ... failure (uremia) K ... restrictive lung disease ... #Summary #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Inhibitors of Na+K+ ... 2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... stimulation of Na*/K+ ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Potassium ... #Classification
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... > 1.6, low urine ... Tubulopathy: urine K/ ... correcting serum potassium ... differential #algorithm #nephrology