22 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... tubular acidosis ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... • Renal tubular ... acidosis (type ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... oral intake Renal ... tubular acidosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... : • Normal Acid-Base ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
, Pyroglutamic acid ... Renal acidosis ... Acid loads (ammonium ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
tubular acidosis ... di-basic amino acids ... tubular acidosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #calculus
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Cystinuria - Amino acid ... tubular acidosis ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... associated with short ... salicylate toxicity causes ... underexcretion of acids ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... - Differential Diagnosis ... tubular acidosis ... #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid