12 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Diagnosis Poor ... Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... tubular acidosis ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... : • Normal Acid-Base ... Metabolic acidosis ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
starts by measuring ... • Renal tubular ... acidosis (type ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Workup ... Tubular Acidosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Cystinuria - Amino acid ... tubular acidosis ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
tubular dysfunction ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... Elimination (see Table ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... - Differential Diagnosis ... tubular acidosis ... #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... tubular acidosis ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2)
 • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Hypotension & Hypovolemia ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... PRIS), Valproic Acid ... liver Failure, Renal ... testing • Seen in Short