16 results
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Sciatica • Tarsal tunnel ... Herpes zoster - HIV ... cyanosis - Cool extremity ... pain/swelling - Fever ... #msk #physicalexam
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
• Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Neuropathy - Foot drop ... Commonly caused ... stopping walking (vascular ... #physicalexam
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
injury, often from vascular ... Primarily Upper Extremity ... saddle anesthesia. leg ... signs #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Upper Extremity ... Wrist drop - Occurs ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology ... sensory #motor #arm #physicalexam
Trendelenburg Test for Hip Stability

The Trendelenburg test assesses for hip stability
The examiner sits behind the patient
stands on one leg ... raised unsupported leg ... If the pelvis drops ... #Gluteus #PhysicalExam ... video #sports #msk
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... cord infarct • HIV ... lumbar stenosis • Vascular ... • Provocative Tests ... #neurology
Ober's Test for TFL/ITB Inflammation

With the patient in the lateral position, affected side up.  The
slowly lowers the leg ... the knee will drop ... Iliotibial #Band #Syndrome ... clinical #video #physicalexam ... #sports #msk #orthopedics
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Causes of Petechial ... Disruptions in vascular ... Fecal occult blood test ... • Serology for ... #dermatology #physicalexam
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Pain reported at level ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... Vascular/Blockage ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
flexors of the legs ... back pain at/near level ... defined sensory level ... negative, MOG-IgG test ... diagnosis #management #neurology