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nephrology algorithm treatment causes hyponatremia table 1 3 defects di diuresis diuretics epithelial excretion high hypokalemia inherited kidney low medications
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... history Step #2 ... #Management #Algorithm ... #Sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Inadequate ... perspiration Renal ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... mechanism 2) ... Euvolemic: Diabetes insipidus ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #nephrology #sodium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... ascending limb Gitelman ... of epithelial sodium ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Differential Diagnosis ... water unavailable 2) ... post-obstructive 3) Diabetes Insipidus ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Primary Polydipsia Definition: Excessive volitional water intake Epidemiology: • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
occurs in only 2- ... Differential Diagnosis ... : Diabetes Insipidus ... , Urine Sodium ... #management #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... #Differential # ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
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