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diagnosis management differential algorithm clinical hyponatremia microscopy neurology bppv maneuver pharmacology physicalexam positional renal vertigo video blood comparison hematuria liberatory
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
proteinuria, RBC casts ... , dysmorphic RBCs ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... or dysmorphic RBCs ... in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... examination of urine ... vasculitis - Dysmorphic ... #urology #nephrology
Urine Microscopy Instructions 1) Spin fresh urine sample (10-15mL) in a centrifuge for 3-5 minutes - Don't
Urine Microscopy ... Instructions 1) ... under lower power (casts ... #Microscopy #Instructions ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... urinary tract • Dysmorphic ... also be seen if urine ... contamination #Urine ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Urine Microscopy Instructions - How to spin urine 1. Collect a fresh urine sample (5 – 10
Urine Microscopy ... Instructions - ... the better, as casts ... #Instructions # ... Procedure #Urinalysis #Nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... Sediment (dysmorphic ... RBC, RBC casts, ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination: • Clean catch
Sediment Examination Instructions ... up by cells or casts ... for identifying dysmorphic ... protein matrix of casts ... #Examination #Instructions
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Treat underlying cause ... : • Causes can ... Saline: • If Urine ... #hyponatremia #nephrology ... #treatment
SIADH Treatment Options 1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... Treat underlying cause ... 0.9% NS • If Urine ... #hyponatremia #nephrology ... #treatment
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