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Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Urinalysis: presence of dysmorphic ... suggest intrinsic renal
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Epithelial Cells - Renal ... Monomorphic RBCs - Dysmorphic
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
cells - Normal • Renal ... urinary tract • Dysmorphic ... White cell casts - Renal ... - Any type of renal ... More significant renal
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... (Pulmonary and renal ... for Pulmonary Renal ... (proteinuria, dysmorphic ... #Pulmonary #Renal
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
proteinuria, RBC casts, dysmorphic ... Nephrology for renal
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
vasculitis - Dysmorphic ... Malignant HTN • Renal ... thrombosis • Renal ... Sickle cell) • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
Urine Sediment (dysmorphic ... nephrology #diagnosis #renal
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
) • Rickets Dysmorphic ... Celiac, IBD) • Renal
Approach to Microscopic Hematuria 

Microscopic hematuria is often incidental but may be associated with urologic malignancy.
Dysmorphic RBC's ... with cystoscopy & renal
Dysmorphic Red Blood Cells on Electron Microscopy
This eyeSCANdy image shows dysmorphic red blood cells from the
Dysmorphic Red Blood ... eyeSCANdy image shows dysmorphic ... @arkanalabs #Dysmorphic