16 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... ↑ ↓ Resp Alkalosis ... Compensation, Acute ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... An acute rise or ... disturbance, or acute ... and metabolic alkalosis ... #Hypertension #Workup
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
by excretion (e.g ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... cardiac output - Acute ... - Compartment syndrome ... peritonitis - Acute
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Diagnosis and Management ... reabsorption) Workup ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
GrepMed Handbook Acute ... Diagnosis and Workup ... No additional workup ... CNS inflammatory cause ... ) • EMG/NCS (rare
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
- Summary Acute ... Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... variants: (1) acute ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #neurology