14 results
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Erythematosus (SLE ... ) Clinical Manifestations ... Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Lumbar Puncture, EEG
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology ... →Activation of CD8 ... accumulation of clinical ... Autoimmune diseases: SLE ... Treatment: •
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
underlying disease (eg ... erythematosus [SLE ... • Infection (eg ... with leukopenia, anemia ... Treatment: • Corticosteroids
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
) Suspect: Clinical ... • Malignancy (e.g ... Endocrine disorders (e.g ... lymphopenia, low PLT • Anemia ... Chronic B-cell activation
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
by excretion (e.g ... its metabolism (e.g ... again we might see ... hypoxemia/Sepsis etc ... 30mmHg) - Severe anemia
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
and pernicious anemia ... Clinical Manifestations ... unit activity on EMG ... of diazepam • EMG ... EMG Studies:
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... Lung Abscess - Clinical ... Leukocytosis, anemia ... • Vasculitis (e.g
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
Diagnosis = clinical ... not be subtle e.g ... E.g. 80 yo ESR cutoff ... systemic complaints- anemia ... Treatment of GCA
Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC)

Clinical Presentation of Scleroderma Renal Crisis:
1) Acute kidney injury
2) Abrupt onset of hypertension
3)
Crisis (SRC) Clinical ... (MAHA) Pathophysiology ... endothelial cell activation ... other pathology (e.g ... (short-acting, e.g
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

High mortality without prompt recognition and management. HLH is a critical diagnostic consideration in
▪ Infections (e.g ... Pathophysiology ... pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g ... Immunosuppression (e.g ... anti-IFN-γ antibodies (e.g