25 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
, Acute spinal cord ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Testing #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Weakness • Spinal Cord ... Myelitis, Trauma, Tumor ... Poliomyelitis, Guillain-Barre ... Weakness #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... result in permanent neurologic ... - Infection (e.g ... #differential # ... diagnosis #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Syndrome ->Cord ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... Signs and symptoms ... stimulation Clinical ... Progressive MS (Spinal cord ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... neurological lesion: Clinical ... and signs below ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
to Headaches - Differential ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... • Guillain-Barre ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... Cardiac, pulmonary etc ... of the spinal cord ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... #Diagnosis #neurology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Optica (NMO) - Clinical ... Other brainstem syndromes ... (e.g. oculomotor ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs