15 results
Torsades de Pointes 
•Precipitated by drugs that prolong the QT interval 
•Class IA antidysrhythmics (procainamide, quinidine)
that prolong the QT ... hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia ... ) #TorsadesDePointes ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #ECG #EKG
Torsades de Pointes
• "Twisting of the pointes" 
• QRS axis swings from positive to negative direction
that prolong the QT ... Hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia ... #TorsadesDePointes ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #ECG #EKG
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... prolonged PR and QT ... #Diagnosis #Hyperkalemia ... #EKG #ECG #Changes ... #Progression #Table
Summary of Coagulation Deficiencies
Inherited:
 • Hemophilia A - Deficiency of Factor VIII
 • Hemophilia B -
Malabsorption (e.g ... warfarin, DOACs (e.g ... Autoimmune disorders (e.g ... #comparison #diagnosis ... #hematology #deficiency
Recurrent Polymorphic VT/Torsades de Pointes - Management Algorithm
Drugs that prolong QT interval:
 • Class 1a (quinidine,
Drugs that prolong QT ... Congenital long QT ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypokalemia ... Hypocalcemia (rarely) Treatment ... VentricularTachycardia #TorsadesdePointes
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis ... of information (e.g ... non-essential drug/HDS treatments ... vascular disorder (e.g ... #Algorithm #hepatology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... Elimination (see Table ... definitive guide to diagnosis ... #Diagnosis #Management
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
organ damage • Treatment ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... unless worrisome EKG ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Indications for Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP)
 • Suspected multiple myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, primary amyloidosis, or related
chemotherapy, etc ... suspected • Hypercalcemia ... possible malignancy (e.g ... Electrophoresis #SPEP #Hematology ... #Diagnosis
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
arrhythmia syndromes (e.g ... ., long QT syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypokalemia ... 300 = NSVT EKG ... more intensive treatment