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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) - Differential Diagnosis Table

Warm AIHA (48-70%)
Cold AHA (16-32%)
 • Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal
) - Differential ... Diagnosis Table ... Agglutinin Disease ... #Differential # ... #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin ... Cold Agglutinins ... women • 15% of AIHA ... Agglutinin Disease ... #agglutinin #disease
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
HELLP - Grafts, Valves ... , Cold AIHA, Transfusion ... Drug-associated, PCH ... Defects, Drugs, Liver ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Cold AIHA ... AIHA • PCH ... Prosthetic heart valves ... #Causes #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Diagnostic Framework ... )"Cold" (usually ... agglutin disease ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... - Differential ... • Drugs • AIH ... • Cholestatic disease ... Bile Ducts • PSC
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Differential Diagnosis ... Extrinsic Causes: • Liver ... disease • Hypersplenism ... • AIHA: warm, ... cold, drug induced
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) Clinical Guidelines

ACLF = possibly reversible condition in those with CLD (± cirrhosis)
Failure (ACLF) Clinical ... in those with CLD ... disease, liver ... Failure #Cirrhosis #Hepatology ... gastroenterology #management #diagnosis
Clinical Diagnosis of Autoimmune Hepatitis
 - Onset of jaundice within prior 8 weeks
 - Ongoing consumption
Clinical Diagnosis ... >1.5, and both values ... ) or metabolic liver ... Possible drug-induced liver ... #Hepatology #AIH
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
from subclinical disease ... to acute liver ... been reported (eg AIH-PBC ... , AIH diagnosis ... #Hepatology