17 results
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Viral infection, autoimmune ... Blood smear - RBC ... CLL (older) • Autoimmune ... pts) Differential ... #anemia #hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... HELLP - Grafts, Valves ... Membrane): - Autoimmune ... Drug-associated, PCH ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential ... Agglutination - Cold agglutinins ... elliptocytosis, autoimmune ... Hemolytic #Anemia #Differential ... Algorithm #workup #hematology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
• Ischemia • Autoimmune ... • Cholestatic disease ... Bile Ducts • PSC ... • Others #LFTs ... #Hepatology #LiverEnzymes
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
Liver Injury - Differential ... Other: NAFLD, Autoimmune ... Malignancy, 1° PBC ... Liver #Injury #Differential ... Acute #algorithm #hepatology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Liver Injury - Differential ... • Autoimmune: ... , PBC, PSC, IgG4 ... stone, Malignancy, PBC ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
idiopathic) - Autoimmune ... . primary cold agglutin ... • Intrinsic RBC ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential ... Cold AIHA • Alloimmune ... elliptocytosis - RBC ... Cold AIHA • PCH ... Prosthetic heart valves
Diagnosis and Management of Idiosyncratic Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI)

DILI Types:
 • Intrinsic - predictable, dose dependent
Chronic - ongoing ↑ LFTs ... symptoms of liver disease ... Calculate R-Value ... Idiosyncratic #differential ... gastroenterology #hepatology
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Interpretation of LFTs ... R-value: Serum ... chemistry #diagnosis #differential ... #Hepatology #transaminitis ... #LFTs #RValue #