16 results
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

 • Respiratory Acidosis
 • Respiratory Alkalosis
 • Metabolic Acidosis
 •
Acid-Base Disorders ... - Differential ... • Metabolic Alkalosis ... Base #Disorders #nephrology ... #differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... alkalosisKidney ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... alkalosis - Fistulas ... unloading • Kidney ... #Differential # ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Appropriately Low Kidney ... Phosphate Excretion ... Acute Respiratory Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Differentials? ... And BMP Normal Values ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
cotransporter (NCC ... ↑ K+ and ↑ H+ secretion ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... alkalosis - ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... after fasting #Metabolic ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Chronic progressive kidney ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal Excretion ... resistance • Metabolic ... alkalosis • Familial ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... #Diuresis #Nephrology