11 results
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... • Prolonged hypotension ... Urethral stricture/valves ... #Differential # ... Nephrology **
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Workup and Differential ... values. 3. ... papilledema, heart failure ... or acute kidney injury ... #Differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... insufficiency/Failure ... diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
syndrome, ARVC) • Hypertension ... : • Hypertension ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypokalemia ... percent PVCs/day • High ... beats) • Heart failure
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Management Summary Causes ... muscles - HYPOTENSION ... per day until stable ... #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... insufficiency/Failure ... diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... CHF, cirrhosis, hypotension ... Chronic renal failure ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... sweat Heat Injury ... AKI - Liver failure ... High body temperatures ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... - Renal Failure ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology