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diagnosis differential causes algorithm abnormal coagulation disorders elevatedmcv macrocytosis mcv microscopy prolonged pt rheumatology secondary systemic thrombocytopenia activation analysis atlas
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Toxic Damage (e.g ... Displacement (e.g ... Foreign Surface (e.g ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Abnormal PT and/or aPTT Prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) 1. Acquired deficiency of FVII
Nonspecific inhibitors e.g ... to one factor e.g ... inhibitory drugs e.g ... Nonspecific inhibitor e.g ... #differential #hematology
Differential Diagnosis for a Prolonged PT and aPTT If the PT and the aPTT are both prolonged,
the PT and the aPTT ... Pre-analytical cause (e.g ... inhibitory drugs (e.g ... specific inhibitor (e.g ... #differential #hematology
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis Hypochromia Megaloblastic Anemia Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS) Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Sickled red
Megaloblastic Anemia ... (e.g. ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... Bite cells: G6PD deficiency ... Smear #Analysis #hematology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
80 fL) • Iron Deficiency ... Chronic Disease (e.g ... 100 fL) • B12 Deficiency ... • Folate Deficiency ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS": • Thalassemia
inflammation) • Iron deficiency ... Megaloblastic: Folate deficiency ... , B12 deficiency ... aciduria, Drugs (e.g ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
(usually IgG) (e.g ... (usually IgM) (e.g ... deficiencies (e.g ... G6PD deficiency) ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Mixing Study • Clotting tests can be abnormal due to either a clotting factor deficiency, or
factor activity (e.g ... clotting test (e.g ... PT and/or aPTT) ... Study #diagnosis #hematology ... pathophysiology #hematology
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Blood Smear •
• Dietary Deficiency ... Increased Requirement (e.g ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... B12 and Folate Deficiency ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection • Solid organ
malignancies • Anemia ... specifically: iron deficiency ... inflammatory disorders (e.g ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Causes #hematology
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