23 results
Differential Diagnosis for a Prolonged PT and aPTT
If the PT and the aPTT are both prolonged,
Pre-analytical cause (e.g ... inhibitory drugs (e.g ... specific inhibitor (e.g ... associated with systemic ... #differential #hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Toxic Damage (e.g ... Displacement (e.g ... Foreign Surface (e.g ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Abnormal PT and/or aPTT
Prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT)
1. Acquired deficiency of FVII
Nonspecific inhibitors e.g ... to one factor e.g ... inhibitory drugs e.g ... associated with systemic ... #differential #hematology
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
Spoon-shaped • Iron deficiency ... anemia Onycholysis ... halt nail growth (e.g ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #Secondary #dermatology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Autoimmune Diseases: • Systemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Megaloblastic Anemia ... (e.g. ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... Bite cells: G6PD deficiency ... Smear #Analysis #hematology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
80 fL) • Iron Deficiency ... Chronic Disease (e.g ... 100 fL) • B12 Deficiency ... • Folate Deficiency ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
inflammation) • Iron deficiency ... Megaloblastic: Folate deficiency ... , B12 deficiency ... aciduria, Drugs (e.g ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Mixing Study
 • Clotting tests can be abnormal due to either a clotting factor deficiency, or
factor activity (e.g ... clotting test (e.g ... PT and/or aPTT) ... Study #diagnosis #hematology ... pathophysiology #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
(usually IgG) (e.g ... (usually IgM) (e.g ... deficiencies (e.g ... G6PD deficiency) ... differential #diagnosis #hematology