16 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... 1 or type 2A, familial ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... May be 10 (eg direct ... #Glomerular #Diseases ... #Classification ... Proteinuria #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Cushing's Disease ... • GI (e.g. ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes #pediatrics
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
metastases, Infection (e.g ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... , Drugs (e.g., lithium ... #Types #Nephrology
Hyperglycemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diabetes Mellitus:
 • Impaired Glucose Tolerance
 • Type I Diabetes
 • Type
Tolerance • Type ... • Cushing's Syndrome ... Hyperglycemia (e.g ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
by Classification ... Medication side effect (e.g ... • Parkinson’s disease ... Subclavian steal syndrome ... Medication side effect (e.g
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
• They can cause ... Cryoglobulins Cause ... • Autoimmune diseases ... tissue disorder (e.g ... #types #classification
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) - Diagnostic Criteria
HRS-AKI (Acute: previously known as HRS Type 1)
 • ↑ Creatinine
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... (HRS) - Diagnostic ... previously known as HRS Type ... nephrotoxics (e.g ... of kidney disease
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
by excretion (e.g ... its metabolism (e.g ... presentations and disease ... #causes #typea ... #typeb #classification
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... hypertension (eg ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal disease