13 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... show anion-gap metabolic ... Diaphoresis, Pulmonary edema ... Alkalosis, High ... Lactate, Low Potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... acidosis, a high ... of sodium and potassium ... #differential #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... acidosis: Proximal ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Acidosis Causes ... Potassium-sparing ... #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Metabolic Acidosis ... - Differential ... Cell Problem - Low ... #Differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
transfusion • HTN and edema ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... development of metabolic ... shift • Saline Causes ... densa receives high ... • Saline May Cause
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
transfusion • HTN and edema ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
depressed) • Renal: metabolic ... acidosis, oliguria ... /flank edema) Distributive ... #criticalcare #differential ... #causes #classification