22 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup ... #urine
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... • Granular casts ... #casts
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... - Casts Acellular ... chronic kidney diseases ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Glomerular #Diseases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... Minimal change disease ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
1ml blood/liter urine ... basement membrane disease ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... of glomerular disease ... #urology #nephrology
Wing-Beating Tremor of Wilson's Disease

Characterized by low frequency, high amplitude, near arm tremor caused by continuous
Tremor of Wilson's Disease ... near arm tremor caused ... the arms, with elbows ... clinical #video #neurology ... #copper #physicalexam
Wing-Beating Tremor of Wilson's Disease

Characterized by low frequency, high amplitude, near arm tremor caused by continuous
Tremor of Wilson's Disease ... near arm tremor caused ... the arms, with elbows ... clinical #video #neurology ... #copper #physicalexam