14 results
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
Mechanism of Action of Bile ... Sequestrants Bile ... Pool → ↑ Hepatic Bile ... Plasma LDL-C #biliary ... sequestration #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology ... gradual loss of bile ... inflammation and biliary ... #PBC #Primary #Biliary
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of ... genes coding for bile ... Dysfunction - Biliary ... external pressure on bile ... #Jaundice #Classification
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... US - Dilated Bile ... Ducts • Common Bile ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... of intralobular bile ... No extrahepatic biliary ... malignancy #Primary #Biliary
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • US - Normal Bile ... • US - Dilated Bile ... - CBD stone, Biliary ... Transaminitis #Algorithm
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Drugs - Primary biliary ... PSC - Other biliary ... diseases/Bile duct ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... usually at a single site ... Lymphoproliferative #Disorders #Classification ... #pathophysiology ... #differential #algorithm
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extrahepatic - Biliary ... Choledocholithiasis, Biliary ... - Obstruction: Biliary ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Classification for benign biliary strictures
Bismuth classification
I - Low CHD stricture, > 2 cm distal to hilum
II
Classification for ... benign biliary ... strictures Bismuth classification ... continuity with biliary ... #biliary #strictures