21 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... : - RBC casts ... - Proteinuria ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... sediment - WBC/ ... RBC casts ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... , RBC casts, dysmorphic ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
and/or proteinuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... , mild tubular proteinuria ... , granular casts ... /RTE; blend sediment ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Urine Microscopy ... and Casts - Image ... Epithelial Cells - Renal ... #Atlas #Key #Clinical ... #Sediment
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... blood cells on urine ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... nephrotic range) proteinuria
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... Proteinuria often ... but in severe cases ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
“Muddy Brown” Casts ... of mb granular casts ... Granular #MuddyBrown #Casts ... #Clinical #Nephrology ... #Sediment
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... , proteinuria suggest ... intrinsic renal