9 results
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
• They can cause ... Cause Organ Damage ... RA - 5 to 20% Sjögren's ... DDX: • ANCA (Antineutrophil ... rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
Antibody) and ANCA ... Anti-dsDNA (in 70% of cases ... seen in 30—70% of cases ... • Sjögren syndrome ... Antinuclear #Antibody #ANCA
Causes of Purpura - Differential Diagnosis
Non-PalpabIe → Palpable
 • Thrombocytopenia (HIT, ITP/HUS), Coagulation defects (DIC, warfarin
Causes of Purpura ... complex mediated (cryoglobulins ... , IgA), ANCA associated ... nonpalpable #palpable #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits: ANCA ... , ANA, Anti-GBM, ... immunoglobulins, cryoglobulins ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
Associated - ANCA ... Granulomas - ANCA ... Granulomas - ANCA ... tract, and often causes ... Serologies for Cryoglobulins
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Causes of Petechial ... Vasculitis (lupus, RA, Sjogren's ... immunoglobulins & cryoglobulins ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
Inflammatory causes ... Antiphospholipid syndrome • Sjögren ... spectrum disorder • ANCA-associated
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
disorders, or other causes ... Quantity: • Primary Causes ... • Secondary Causes ... Cryoglobulinemia (MIXED) • ANCA ... Associated - SLE, Sjogren's
Relapsing Polychondritis

What is it?
Recurrent inflammation of the cartilage in the body (Autoimmune disorder)

Who?
• Most frequently: 40
hearing loss, nausea ... diseases 30% of cases ... Most common • Sjogren ... Nonspecific ↑ ESR, CRP, ANA