6739 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
- Differential Diagnosis ... diabetes insipidus Excessive ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Exogenous: Excessive ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
close to 1.001: • Excessive ... Interpretation #diagnosis ... #differential #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
dominant (or rarely recessive ... gene, Autosomal: recessive ... characterized by excessive ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
- Differential Diagnosis ... Deprivation Test - Excessive ... #Polyuria #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Red Urine:
 • Medical conditions: bleeding, porphyria, factitious disorder
 • Meds: rifampin,
- Differential Diagnosis ... rifampin • Foods: excessive ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... discoloration #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Present (Uosm <100): Excessive ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Licorice ingestion, Excessive ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Primary Polydipsia
Definition: Excessive volitional water intake
Epidemiology:
 • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
Polydipsia Definition: Excessive ... Differential Diagnosis ... Primary #Polydipsia #diagnosis ... #management #nephrology
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
Renal Failure Excessive ... Epsom salts - Excessive ... #Differential #Diagnosis