276 results
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Intake • Reduced Excretion ... (IV potassium with ... reduced excretion
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
caused by excess potassium ... intake, impaired potassium ... excretion, or transcellular ... by increasing excretion ... , increased potassium
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
system ends with excreting ... potassium while ... reversed result of excreting ... of the sodium excretion ... will increase potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... Sodium bicarbonate Potassium ... excretion: • ... Hyperkalemia #management #potassium
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Decreased renal potassium ... excretion • Acute ... Drugs Increased potassium ... (oral/iv) • Potassium-rich ... algorithm #nephrology #potassium
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... Excretion Decreased ... Pharmacology #Impaired #Potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
extracellular potassium ... load - Potassium ... foods - IV potassium ... excretion - Renal ... excretion (pseudohypoaldosteronism
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm
 • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation
 • Reconsider treatment leadingto
and parenteral potassium ... + Shift 3) K+ Excretion ... Algorithm #treatment #potassium
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm
To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Algorithm To assess potassium ... excretion: perform ... alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ... nephrology #low #potassium
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Piretanide Potassium ... the nephron by excretion ... -promote water excretion