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diagnosis differential causes clinical algorithm management neurology nephrology physicalexam video cardiology pathophysiology treatment table signs symptoms comparison endocrinology hematology ophthalmology
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) Tumor Cell Lysis -> Release of DNA • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Acid (low urinary excretion ... (High urinary excretion ... #TumorLysis #Syndrome
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion: • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Kidney Phosphate Excretion ... Shift: Refeeding Syndrome ... Tumor Genesis Syndrome ... Kidney Phosphate Excretion ... FGF23: Fanconi Syndrome
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift • Recovery From DKA • Refeeding Syndrome • Acute Respiratory
• Refeeding Syndrome ... Burns Increased Excretion ... Fistula Increased Excretion ... Osteomalacia • Fanconi Syndrome
Causes of Hyperuricemia Increased production • Solid-organ transplant • Tumor lysis syndrome • Rhabdomyolysis • Lesch Nyhan
• Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Lesch Nyhan syndrome ... Decreased excretion ... and Decreased Excretion ... uric acid for excretion
Classification of Jaundice Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin) • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Crigler-Najjar syndrome ... Hereditary Cholestatic Syndromes ... - Faulty excretion ... Dubin-Johnson syndrome ... , Rotor syndrome
Albuminuria (Grades) and Risk for CKD Normal to mildly increased albuminuria: - Albumin excretion rate: < 30
albuminuria: - Albumin excretion ... ): - Albumin excretion ... ): - Albumin excretion ... defined as nephrotic syndrome
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
decreased urinary Ca2+ excretion ... calcium)-alkali syndrome
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Urine Fractional Excretion ... alkalosis, Hungry bone syndrome ... Tumor genesis syndrome ... FGF-23: Fanconi syndrome
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... result of increased excretion ... result of increased excretion ... chloride due to the excretion
Inherited Non-hemolytic Disorders of Hyperbilirubinemia == Disorders of Conjugation == Gilbert Syndrome: • 5-10% of the population
Conjugation == Gilbert Syndrome ... hyperbilirubinemia syndrome ... autosomal recessive syndrome ... = Disorders of Excretion ... • Defect in secretion
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