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diagnosis differential algorithm management glomerulonephritis nephritic proteinuria workup acute aki classification hematology hyponatremia injury kidney rheumatology sodium testing alkalosis amyloid
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Syndrome Step ... /nephritic syndromes ... the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... Nephrotic yndrome—podocyte ... #Nephrotic #Syndromes ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM) Hypertensive urgency
based on repeat clinic ... Glomerulonephritis • Nephritic ... syndrome • AKI ... Steroids (Cushing's, exogenous ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... clusters because nephritic ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... #proteinuria #nephrotic ... #syndrome #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification Prerenal: • Dehydration • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome) • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... - TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Acute interstitial nephritis ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
Mesangiocapillary GN • Active ... formation along glomerular ... anti-phospholipid syndrome ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... • Drugs Glomerular ... albuminuria) - Active ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic ... syndrome) Euvolemic ... ADH Present and Active ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
evaluated for glomerular ... disorders that activate ... infections are common causes ... glomerulonephritis #nephrotic ... #nephritic #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... ectopic ACTH) • Exogenous ... dehydrogenase activity ... loop diuretics actively ... #nephrology
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