10 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
red - cells Non-glomerular ... Dysmorphic red cells - Glomerular ... Diagnostic of glomerular ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... ectopic ACTH) • Exogenous ... dehydrogenase activity ... loop diuretics actively ... #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Drugs Glomerular ... albuminuria) - Active ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... : plasma renin activity ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... Steroids (Cushing's, exogenous ... withdrawal Anatomic Causes ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Cl- responsive metabolic ... blood pressure: Active ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
evaluated for glomerular ... disorders that activate ... infections are common causes ... of glomerular disease ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
Mesangiocapillary GN • Active ... dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... formation along glomerular ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
evaluated for glomerular ... disorders that activate ... infections are common causes ... #glomerular #disease ... initial #testing #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... : plasma renin activity ... aldosterone escape #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes