26 results
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... and Nephrotic Syndromes ... RBC casts in urine ... diabetes)) #Glomerular ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... : plasma renin activity ... aldosteronism #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... ectopic ACTH) • Exogenous ... dehydrogenase activity ... loop diuretics actively ... #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
of Glomerular Bleeding ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Fanconi's syndrome ... • Drugs Glomerular ... albuminuria) - Active ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
depletion: Respiratory alkalosis ... ), Hungry bone syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #phosphate
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium