13 results
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... ectopic ACTH) • Exogenous ... dehydrogenase activity ... loop diuretics actively ... #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... • Drugs Glomerular ... albuminuria) - Active ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... : plasma renin activity ... aldosteronism #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney K wasting ... from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
blood pressure: Active ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... disorders that activate ... infections are common causes ... #testing #workup ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
Mesangiocapillary GN • Active ... dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... formation along glomerular ... anti-phospholipid syndrome ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... disorders that activate ... infections are common causes ... diagnosis #initial #testing ... #nephrology #nephrotic